Defenders Of Art And Life Differ On Everything In Between Free Essays

In Robert Browning’s â€Å"Fra Lippo Lippi†, a fifteenth century painter examines the illogic of his benefactors who need him to paint less of the genuine worldâ€in turn for all the more profoundly elevating scenes.â This sonnet gives Browning a stage to advance his way of thinking on craftsmanship, which holds equivalent regard for the high and the low alike.â Similarly, in â€Å"Why The Novel Matters†, D. We will compose a custom exposition test on Protectors Of Art And Life Differ On Everything In Between or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now H. Lawrence shapes a proposition that there is a whole other world to life than simply the name of â€Å"spirit†.â But he goes further to state that there is a distinction between that which is alive, and that which is lifeless. He battles life is more importantâ€and an elegantly composed novel is what could be compared to life.â He worships books, while everything else is lesser than the living things.â Browning’s character Lippi, in any case, while additionally despising the boundary of the word â€Å"spirit† , doesn't venture to such an extreme as to state the material mortar of the world is by one way or another more significant than the soul.â He simply guards its equivalence.â He doesn't accept his works of art are a higher priority than living things; he accepts that they share equivalent worth. Despite the fact that Lawrence is eager to remember the human body for with the word â€Å"spirit†Ã¢â‚¬he draws a line at the fingertips, and calls everything else (aside from the novel) of lesser substance; on the other hand, Lippi is increasingly liberal in his view, for he doesn't harp overlong on the depiction among life and unimportant thingsâ€but just on their symbiosis.â Ultimately, Lippi is progressively unassuming about his specialty and life as a rule. For Lippi, painting for his benefactors is just 50% of a real existence: frolicking about town is the other part.â This is the reason he normally escapes for discharge from the hounded work.â Although the strict help is a profession for him, he can't continue it without legitimate cavorts on the town.â Therefore, by living in universes both virtuous and debased, Lippi can see through the Prior’s exterior, when he is asked to just paint the spiritâ€not the body.â The Prior says: â€Å"Your business isn't to get men with show †¦Ã¢ Your business is to paint the spirits of men† (Lines 175-184).â Lippi, in any case, would prefer to remember everything for his craft, and thusly more precisely mirror the worldâ€and utilize art.â â€Å"Now is this sense, I ask?†(198) Lippi says. â€Å"Why can’t a painter lift each foot thusly, †¦ Make his tissue liker and his spirit progressively like †¦ You ought not take a kindred eight years of age/And cause him to pledge to never kiss the girls.†(224-225).â Lippi rails against streamlining presence into a word or a picture: â€Å"The world and life’s too enormous to go for a fantasy †¦Ã¢ The main great of grass is to make chaff†(251-257).â Lippi can't agree to a restricted perspective on the request for thingsâ€while Lawrence just incompletely yields that there is a whole other world to â€Å"spirit† than just fume.  Lawrence challenges that life’s ether is as crucial as the shellâ€and by singling out, labelingâ€or dishonestly adoring any one piece of its quintessence, we are preventing ourselves from completely living.â For example, Lawrence yells on the paradox of names: â€Å"We consider ourselves a body with a soul in it †¦ Mens sana in corpore sano.â The years drink up the wine, and finally discard the container, the body, obviously, being the bottle†(2446).â Indeed, Lippi’s dead shell of a pony is Lawrence’s void jug of spiritsâ€and both of them appear to concur that meanings of the â€Å"spirit† are only interruptions from reality of presence. Lawrence, in any case, sets aside one special case, being that the Bible itself, when perused as a whole piece, accomplishes some soul like that of the mankind: â€Å"The Bible †¦Ã¢ [It sets] the entire tree trembling with another entrance of life, [it does] not simply invigorate development in one direction†(2448).â Herein lies one key contrast, at that point, among Lippi and Lawrence, which is that Lawrence makes exemption for the novel as being at the position of a living entityâ€while Lippi doesn't venture to such an extreme as to recommend that craftsmanship is elite from the remainder of the dormant world, in spite of the fact that he believes it is as significant as life.â After all, Lawrence says the novel can â€Å"make the entire man alive tremble. Which is more than verse, theory, science, or some other book-tremulation can do†(2448).â Moreover, while he doesn't explicitly get out work of art as one of the lesser â€Å"tremulations†, it appears to be protected to state this is impliedâ€since he even prohibits verse from his holy hover of lifeâ€which, incidentally, is the medium through which Browning’s Lippi is experienced.â conversely, Lippi says that life’s regular subtleties are â€Å"better, paintedâ€better to us †¦ Art was given for that†(300-304).â€and once more, Lippi doesn't placed workmanship above lifeâ€only adjacent to it.â He says: â€Å"Do you feel appreciative, yes or no,/For this reasonable town’s face, there river’s line, †¦ What’s it about? /To be disregarded, scorned? or on the other hand abided upon†(286-291). Obviously, Lawrence, distinguishes the particularization of his own body, and how each part is equivalent to the wholeâ€but nothing past himself: â€Å"Why should I envision that there is a me which is more me than my hand is?†(2446).â But Lawrence’s â€Å"me alive† hypothesis bars the static objects of the request for things as only propsâ€that are not to be mistaken forever or books. At last, Lippi sees a bad situation for the spirit without the substantial components, and logically contends: â€Å"What need of craftsmanship by any stretch of the imagination? A skull and bones,/Two bits of stick nailed crosswise†(321).â Lawrence, in any case, considers the to be vehicles of correspondence as â€Å"words and contemplations and murmurs and yearnings that fly from [us], they are such a large number of tremulations in the ether†(2447).â Lawrence only surrenders that the dormant components are â€Å"tremulations† that may â€Å"reach another man alive† and â€Å"he may get them into his life, and his life may take on another color†(2447). Along these lines, while Lawrence concurs with Lippi that the baser components are significant, he goes on finally to tissue out the reasons why life and the novel are considerably more important:â â€Å"All things that are alive are amazing.â And everything that are dead are auxiliary to the living†(2447).â He manufactures a divider among life and the novelâ€and the remainder of presence: â€Å"I, who am man alive, am more noteworthy than my soul†(2447).â thusly at that point, while Lawrence concurs with Lippi that the parts can't be recognized from the entire, without barring the essenceâ€he varies in that he goes further to force a favored situation upon the vitality of life and books, though Lippi basically feels that workmanship and the lesser units should have equivalent presentation at the center of attention life. So Lawrence is roundabout in his hypothesis, demanding â€Å"spirit† is restricting in its languageâ€while touting the rising above intensity of the novel.â Indeed, regardless of contending that constraints proliferate under marks, and that any â€Å"particular heading closes in a cul-de-sac†(2448)â€Lawrence is as yet making divisions: â€Å"A character in a novel must live, or it is nothing†¦.â We in like manner, in life must live, or we are nothing†(2449).â â Plus, he is pleased with his uniqueness as a craftsman, such that Lippi is too unassuming ever to approach: â€Å"Being a writer, I view myself as better than the holy person, the researcher, the logician, and the artist, who are largely extraordinary experts of various bits of man alive, yet never get the entire hog†(2448). At last at that point, at the foundation of their individual methods of reasoning on workmanship and life, Lippi is increasingly unfriendly to divisions of various types, not placing himself or his craft over the world, put equivalent to it.â One detects that he isn't likely any longer pleased with himself than the subjects he paints about, while Lawrence is more glad for the books he composes than the articles portrayed in them. Step by step instructions to refer to Defenders Of Art And Life Differ On Everything In Between, Essays

A Long Way Gone free essay sample

Beah portrays his life as a kid warrior in the common war of his nation of origin in Sierra Leone during the 1990’s in his novel, A Long Way Gone. The convictions of both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are fused all through the story. There are instances of how individuals can be normally egotistical and underhanded yet additionally how others can gain from their encounters and take care of the government assistance of society. In Beah’s epic, the common war in Sierra Leone gives such models demonstrating Hobbes and Locke right. (57) Thomas Hobbes accepted that without government there would be war of each man against each man and people’s lives would be â€Å"solitary, poor, terrible, brutish, and short†. In the novel, Hobbes’ thoughts regarding existence without government are end up being valid. We consider his to be as Ishmael turns into a kid officer and he goes out to execute others. Individuals simply like Ishmael and his family were eager to execute others since they could. † (Pg. 17) Not just does the moon bring sunset, it likewise unites individuals. After his grandma educates him regarding the moon, Ishmael chooses to watch it, to check whether what she says is valid. Consistently, he would see various pictures at the same time, at long last, it is as yet the moon. At whatever point Ishmael was thinking, he was continually gazing into the sky. It ordinarily occurred around evening time, since he would never get any rest. â€Å"One night while I sat outside in a town square contemplating how far I had come and what may lie ahead, I investigated the sky and perceived how the thick mists continued attempting to cover the moon, yet it would return over and over to sparkle throughout the night. † (Pg. 70) He went one to contrast his excursion with that of the moon. Regardless of what hindrances he may confront, there is constantly a route for him arrive at what he needs the most. The mists endeavored to cover the moon, similarly as the renegades and near fiascoes with death endeavored to shield him from discovering his family and opportunity. Beah consistently discussed the bad dreams and recollections that would keep him up around evening time. Ishmael was hesitant to rest, apprehensive that his recollections would come back to him in a type of bad dreams. â€Å"These days I live in three universes: my fantasies, and the encounters of my new life, which trigger recollections from an earlier time. † (Pg. 20) His fantasies and encounters of his new life are all of what he lives in. he recollections of viciousness, enduring, and misfortune are on the whole that he knows and will proceed to. Beah consistently discussed keeping awake around evening time to maintain a strategic distance from the bad dreams, bringing about little rest. â€Å"Often, my shadow would unnerve me and cause me to run for a significant distance. † (Pg. 49) After voyaging, al one, for a considerable length of time and running on little rest, Ishmael was starting to envision things. The absence of rest was his method of maintaining a strategic distance from the bad dreams. He began to lose his hang on the real world. He additionally cites, â€Å"I got fretful and was hesitant to rest for dread that my stifled musings would show up in my fantasies. (Pg. 52) Besides the bad dreams, there were times that awful things occurred around evening time. â€Å"I didn’t rest that night. My hands started shaking when my companions began wheezing. I had an inclination that something awful would occur. † (Pg. 84) After Saidu drops during their excursion, they run over a town where they are feed and are welcomed by recognizable appearances. Saidu once stated, â€Å"Every opportunity individuals come at us with the goal of executing us, I close my eyes and sit tight for death. Despite the fact that I am as yet alive, I feel like each time I acknowledge pas sing, some portion of me kicks the bucket. (Pg. 70) He clarifies that soon enough, he will totally kick the bucket and just an unfilled body would remain. On this night, is the point at which he totally kicks the bucket. Ishmael had an inclination just as something terrible would occur and truth be told, something did. Around evening time, Ishmael was hesitant to rest, apprehensive that the pictures and considerations of his past would devour his fantasies. That specific night, it appeared just as the world realized that passing would come and remove somebody. Ishmael couldn't rest and the canines cried for the duration of the night, which at that point woke up dozing kids who tailed them in crying. We strolled quick as though attempting to remain in the daytime, apprehensive that sunset would turn over the dubious pages of our lives. † (Pg. 88) Ishmael was worried about the possibility that that the night would remove one of them, similar to it removed Saidu. Now and again, I shmael feels that the night sky has additionally shielded him from unavoidable passing. Ishmael and his companions, run until night comes and spares them from the revolutionaries. â€Å"The moon vanished and took the stars with it, causing the sky to sob. Its tears spared us from the red shots. † (Pg. 98) Ishmael clarifies that, he can see the redness that the weapons radiate when they are discharged. Another case of when the night is his rescuer, is the point at which he is living in Freetown after the radicals topple the administration. â€Å"Nightfall appeared to be far away, it wanted to sit tight for Judgment Day. † (Pg. 206) Ishmael and his cousin endeavor to make a risky outing to get some food from a mystery showcase around, when it is found by the renegades, Ishmael seeks total isolation trusting that night would come. He analyzes the hang tight for dusk to Judgment Day on the grounds that the night sky is the main thing that could spare him, in his quandary. In A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, Beah as often as possible references to nature and the common world; to sunset and the nearness of the moon. In the book, the world around evening time, just as the moon, fills in as both a defend and a carrier of loss. Close to the torment and experiencing he suffered absence of rest and dread of repeating bad dreams, the night has additionally spared him in the midst of hardship. He may have lost a ton during the war in any case, there are a few things that he has picked up to make him the resilient man he is today. Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier.

Why People Obsess Over Things and Tips to Stop

Why People Obsess Over Things and Tips to Stop Depression Print Rumination: Why Do People Obsess Over Things? By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Frank Lee / Getty Images Have you ever been stressed all day because you can’t stop thinking of something unfair that happened that morning? Or the previous week? This human tendency to obsess, trying to work things out in ones mind, is common. If youre like most people, youve had the experience of obsessing over something stressful that happened in your day. It may have been something someone said that hit you in the gut, it may have been a situation where you wish you had the perfect comeback, or it may be a problem that replays itself in your mind over and over with no acceptable solution in sight. When these thoughts turn more negative and brooding, thats known as  rumination. Rumination is as stressful as it is common, in that it takes a situation that has already caused stress and magnifies the stress and the importance of the situation in our minds. Rumination also hones in on the feeling of helplessness we may have in our inability to change what has already happened.?? We may not be able to re-create the situation in the future and respond with the perfect comeback, response, or solution, and this can make us feel powerless and more stressed. Finally, realizing how much energy we put into ruminating over the situation can lead to even more feelings of frustration as we realize that weve let the situation continue to ruin the day.   Rumination Basics Rumination is comprised of two separate variables: reflection and brooding. The reflection part of rumination can actually be somewhat helpful as reflecting on a problem can lead you to a solution. Also, reflecting on certain events can help you process strong emotions associated with the issue. However, rumination in general, and brooding in particular, are associated with less proactive behavior and more of a negative mood.?? Co-rumination, where you rehash a situation with friends until you’ve talked it to death, also brings more stress to both parties once it passes the point of being constructive. In short, if you find yourself constantly replaying something in your mind and dwelling on the injustice of it all, thinking about what you should have said or done, without taking any corresponding action, you’re making yourself feel more stressed. And you are also likely experiencing some of the negative effects of rumination. How Rumination Differs From Emotional Processing The Toll of Rumination So why do people obsess over things? Rumination starts innocentlyâ€"its your minds attempt to make sense and move on from a frustrating situation. However,  rumination can catch you in a circular, self-perpetuating loop of frustration and stress. When youre dealing with chronic conflicts in your relationships, you may experience chronic stress from too much rumination.?? Its important to find ways of catching rumination before you get caught up in it and working on handling conflicts in a healthy way. Rumination can be oddly irresistible and can steal your attention before you even realize that you’re obsessing again. In addition to dividing your attention, however, rumination has several negative effects. Stress Several bestselling books on  mindfulness  have been touted as excellent stress-relief resources:  The Power of Now, A New Earth,  and  Wherever You Go, There You Are, for example. One of the major reasons that these books relieve stress so well is that they provide examples of how to drastically cut down on rumination, which leads to a stressed state of mind. Studies show that rumination can raise your  cortisol  levels, signifying a physical response to stress resulting from rumination. Negative Frame of Mind Not surprisingly, rumination is said to have a negative effect by producing a more depressed, unhappy mood. Not only is this unpleasant in itself, but from what we know about  optimism and pessimism, this brings a whole new set of consequences. Less Proactive Behavior While people may get into a ruminating frame of mind with the intention of working through the problem and  finding a solution, research has shown that excessive rumination is associated with less proactive behavior, higher disengagement from problems, and an even more negative state of mind as a result. That means that rumination can contribute to a downward spiral of negativity.?? Self-Sabotage Research has linked rumination with negative coping behaviors, like  binge eating.  Self-sabotaging  types of coping behavior can create more stress, perpetuating a negative and destructive cycle.?? Ways You May Be Making Things Harder for Yourself Hypertension A link has also been found between rumination and hypertension. Rumination may prolong the  stress response, which increases the negative impact of stress on the heart.?? Because of the health risks involved with hypertension, it’s particularly important to combat rumination and find healthy strategies for  dealing with stress  and staying centered. Overcoming Rumination So why do people obsess over things? It appears that different people obsess over things for different reasons, and some people are more prone to it than others.?? Some people want to make sense of a situation, but cant seem to understand or accept it, so they keep replaying it. Other people want reassurance that they were right (especially if they feel on an unconscious level that they were wrong). Some people are trying to solve the problem or prevent similar things from happening in the future, but cant figure out how. And others may just want to feel heard and validated or want to feel justified in absolving themselves of responsibility. Ultimately, it matters less why people obsess over things, and more how they can stop. Here are a few ideas on how to catch yourself and refocus.?? Establish a Time Limit It can be helpful to get support and validation from your friends, but too much discussion of wrongs perpetrated by others can lead to a dynamic in your relationships thats negative and gossipy and lends more to reinforcement of the frustration of the situation than to finding solutions and closure. If youre seeking support from friends, you can secretly set yourself a time limit on how many minutes youll allow yourself to devote to talking about the problem and your feelings around it, before focusing on a solution. Then brainstorm solutions with your friend, or on your own in a journal. Keep an Open Mind Its been suggested by more than a few therapists that what really tweaks us in others may be a mere reflection of what we dont accept in ourselves. When you think about what the other person did to make you angry, can you try and draw on a similar experience in yourself to help better appreciate their perspective and the reasons behind what they did? Even if you dont necessarily agree with them, can you empathize? The loving-kindness meditation can be a wonderful tool here for forgiveness and letting go and can be great combat for rumination. Create Boundaries Remember the wonderful phrase: First time, shame on you; the second time, shame on me. It perfectly describes responsibility and the importance of setting boundaries, and if nothing else, allows you to use each encounter to learn something about yourself and the other person so you can change the way things go in the future. Look at what happened with the eye of changeâ€"not to blame the other person for hurting you, but to come up with solutions that will prevent the same situation from occurring twice. Where might you say no earlier, or protect yourself more in the future? Rather than remaining hurt or angry, come from a place of strength and understanding. It may take some practice, but you can change your habitual thought patterns, and this is a prime situation where such a change can transform your experience of stress. It may not happen instantly, but soon you may no longer obsess over things, and experience less emotional stress as a result.?? Just remember to be patient with yourself and keep your focus forward, and youll feel less stress in no time. A Word From Verywell Personal reflection can be a helpful way to process emotions and experiences, but it can be harmful to your mental well-being when it turns into rumination. If you feel like rumination is affecting your state of mind, there are ways to get help. Talk to your doctor or a mental health professional for treatment options. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps people identify and change negative thought patterns, can be helpful for turning rumination into more helpful ways of thinking.?? How Cognitive Behavior Therapy Works

Essay about Business Ethics at Gap Inc. - 2147 Words

------------------------------------------------- Company Report: Gap Inc. and Business Ethics Depestel Caroline Milijana Zlatic s0101027 s0100470 Professor S. Hughes Year: 2012-2013 3th Bachelor Applied Economics 1. Executive Summary The topic of this paper is business ethics within Gap Inc., a multinational retail – clothing company. The foundation of its corporate ethical approach is summarized in the Code of Conduct . This paper outlines the ethical problems Gap Inc. faced in the last years and more important, the solutions they found in order to remain a successful company. It shows how large companies deal with common issues like child labour and sweatshops. In the first place,†¦show more content†¦Monitoring 8 6. Conclusion 9 7. Recommendations 9 8. References 10 3. Introduction Business ethics is a very extensive subject that is not easy to define. According to Andrew Crane and Dirk Matten (2004: 5), business ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed. With an increasing globalization, environmental and social issues have amplified and therefore companies have to take full responsibility for the wrong impact their actions have. Gap pays a lot of attention to the social issues and challenges that large companies face, although it had some ethical issues in the past. Gap Inc. is a large company in the clothing business with over 3,300 stores worldwide. As one of the World’s Most Ethical Companies in 2012 for the sixth straight year, it might be interesting to investigate the ethical issues that have risen in the past years (Gap Inc., 2013a). In the first section, this report outlines several ethical difficulties that occurred. Subsequently, some of Gap Inc.’s solutions for a better ethical policy are described. To conclude, some recommendations are made, but those are limited because of the quick and good solutions Gap came up with in response to its problems. 4. Proof of insufficiency Code of Conduct (1999-2007) Since the creation of the Code of Vendor Conduct in 1996, Gap Inc. had to deal with different scandals concerningShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics: Gap Inc.2329 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: GAP Inc. Business ethics can be described as the ethical dilemmas that arise within a business setting. GAP Inc., similar to most other multinational corporations (MNCs), has faced numerous ethical issues in the past. Since 1995, GAP’s image has been continuously tarnished through allegations of exploitive working conditions, cheap labour, and hostile environments overseas. 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Apart from his engineering background, Mr. Kaplan was also a talented golf player. Having been born and brought up in Idaho Falls, Kaplan found out that there was a gap in the airline industry there. He believed that the regionRead MoreGlobal Business and Ethics Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Business and Ethics 1. Any company doing business in the United States and abroad has a responsibility to be socially responsible. This responsibility is guided by business ethics Ââ€" basic values that guide a firms behavior. These ethics come into all decisions made by businesses. Including what goes into the products, how they are advertised and sold, and how they are disposed of. Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer, is the largest corporation and private employer in the UnitedRead MoreStakeholder Analysis And Corporate Social Responsibility1750 Words   |  7 PagesStakeholder analysis is an integral part of what determines a business’ success. Within every business, there are various stakeholder groups that have individual specific needs. Each stakeholder group has to be consistently considered by the company when it makes decisions. Over the course of five weeks, students made decisions to help guide K-Tai, Inc. with its stakeholder analysis and corporate social responsibility (C SR) efforts. Several conflicting decisions were considered and a thoroughRead MoreThe Csr Evaluation of Gap Inc.2143 Words   |  9 PagesThe Gap Inc.: The CSR Evaluation of Gap Inc. Outline of the notable ethical decisions made by Gap Inc. and their impacts on the company In 2003, Gap Inc. was sued for its usage of child labor and sweatshop factories in its subsidiary in Saipan. The decision to use child labor and sweatshop in Saipan was made by the management of Gap Inc. that could either be seen as egoism or utilitarianism (Smith, 2004). 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Application Of Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development...

7. Application of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development During free time in the classroom June was playing with the dolls, when Chloe saw that she asked â€Å"Let s be mommies†. June agreed and they started playing. They were feeding and caring for the baby. Then Jason wanted to play with them and they told him he can play as long as he was the father. Chloe and Jason were parents of the same baby. Jason would go to work, while Chloe stayed home taking care of the baby. Then Chloe would go to work and Jason would care for the baby. Jackson and Troy were playing with cars, when Sarah picked up a car and started playing with them. They were making car noises and were pushing the cars with their hands. Then Chloe said â€Å" I want to play† but there were no more cars. When Chloe did not find any car she took Sarah s car. Sarah told her â€Å"no that s my car† and tried to grab it back, which caused the car to fall. When the car fell one of the wheels of the car came out. Both Chloe and Sarah started crying saying that the car was hurt and they had to help the car. When the teacher heard their cry she came and asked what was going on. They told her about the car and then the teacher was able to put back the wheel of the car, which made the children happy again. According to Piaget, Chloe is in the preoperational stage. During that age children develop egocentric thinking, animistic thinking, make believe play, and etc. Chloe has developed and is going through almost all of theseShow MoreRelatedPiaget Vs Vygotsky : Piaget And Vygotsky1314 Words   |  6 PagesCompare Two Famous Educators: Piaget vs. Vygotsky Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are often considered the most influential cognitive development and learning psychologists of the 20th century. Their research efforts have inspired numerous interpretations and spawned new outlets of approaching developmental psychology. The following paragraphs will analyze the theories of Piaget of Vygotsky and discuss how their research can be used to advance the use of cognitive development in learning, both traditionalRead MorePiaget and Vygotsky1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Cognitive development is interpreted as the gradual orderly development of thinking, understanding and reasoning processes from birth to maturity. The aim of primary school is to build the knowledge and the skills children need to have for further cognitive development. Therefore, the constant development of coginition is very important to young children, because it gives them the basic understanding towards themselves and the world. As a result, in order to assist and support children’sRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreTheories Of Development : Piagets Theory Of Cognitive Development1363 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets theory of cognitive development In the 1960s and 1970s, the Freudian psychology was changed with the initiation of the empirical methods to study the human behavior. Psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget empirically verified, moving towards the cognitive development theory to provide the new perspective to the individual in getting awareness about the developmental stages of the children. Just like Freud, Piaget thought that human development could only be described in stages. On theRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thoughtRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development959 Words   |  4 Pages The term cognitive development refers to the process of developing intelligence and higher level thinking that allows a person to acquire problem-solving skills from the age of infancy through adulthood. A Swiss philosopher by the name of Jean Piaget took an interest in in developmental psychology; specifically in children during infancy through pre-adolescence. This model developed by Piaget still has a modern-day relevancy. Contributions to Learning and Cognition Piaget made a considerableRead MoreVygotsky and Piaget Theory - 6 Pages ( Apa Format with Bibliography )1039 Words   |  5 PagesVygotsky and Piaget Theory Vygotsky and Piaget Cognitive development can be described as the process in which a person constructs their thoughts for example, remembering things, problem solving and attention. In this essay I am going to evaluate the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky. I will look into the weaknesses and strengths of the theories with supporting evidence and also the similarities and the differences of the two theories. Piaget believed that children develop through theRead More Cognitive Theories of Human Development Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Theories of Human Development Jean Piaget, known as the most important theorist; started the most comprehensive theory of intellectual development. Piaget was born in 1896, in Neuchatel Switzerland, and lived a full and significant life, he passed away at age 84. His father was a medieval historian, and his mother was a homemaker; she was highly emotional and her behavior disrupted the normalcy of their home. Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, and they soon welcomed three girls;Read MoreThe Theories Of Piaget And Vygotsky On Childhood Development1703 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky have become prominent in an understanding of developmental cognition in childhood (Duchesne, McMaugh, Bochner Karuse, 2013, p. 56). Their theories are complimentary and provide a more rigorous comprehension of childhood development (Shayer, M., 2003, p. 465). Their varying principles are applicable to many situations concerning the development of children. The focuses of Piaget and Vygotsky on the ways of childhood development differ. Piaget was focused onRead MoreHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theories’) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interaction

Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences Free Essays

string(75) " records in the first place \(artists such as Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B\." Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences, with reference to 50 cent’s Amusement Park, attempting to account for its popularity despite its sexist representations of women In this essay I shall be investigating the ways in which hip hop songs appeal to both male and female audiences, with specific reference to Amusement Park (released May 8, 2007) by 50 cent (real name Curtis Jackson), and its music video. I will attempt to account for the huge popularity of this artist, and others of the genre, despite the apparent sexism displayed in his songs. Firstly I shall look at how hip hop has gone from primarily an underground phenomenon to having mainstream status, as recounted by Bakari Kitwana (2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences or any similar topic only for you Order Now From when hip hop originated, it was always an alternate culture for black youngsters to turn to. During the late 1980s economic recession, many Americans were still living in poverty: unskilled workers faced poorer wages than before, resulting in a sense of alienation from mainstream America. Although they had achieved equality in legal status, there were still plenty of economic and social problems facing black youth. Not only was hip hop an artistic way of expressing and making public these issues, but also provided a sense of culture those less privileged. Concerns could be voiced through the medium of music and radio stations, which, although primarily were by and for black people, still very much of the white working class population, who were also facing similar problems and suffering from the same detachment from the mainstream. In the late 80s powerful black icons began emerging, such as Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, and major bands like Public Enemy who produced ‘politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community’1. It soon became hard for white audiences to ignore hip hop culture. The East-West coast feud between artists from either side of America, leading to the eventual murders of Tupac Shakur and the Notorious BIG also brought both urban issues and its music in to public light. Gangster rap was a predominant subgenre which was responsible for expressing shocking views (notably rap group N. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper W. A. ‘s F*** tha police) and portraying the more violent and misogynistic side of hip hop culture. While it still receives a lot of backlash, hip hop has become increasingly mainstream and popular. One way to account for the popularity of â€Å"Amusement Park† is to look at the representations of women in the video on its own, and to draw conclusions from those alone. The girls are shown against a very minimalistic background, only with the â€Å"ride† which they are on. This puts the focus on to their bodies and faces, increasing our sense of their sexuality. Both the shots of the girls and their poses are explicitly constructed, as their poses are unnatural and staged. They often look directly in to the camera, suggesting an awareness of the audience’s voyeuristic perspective. A shot which specifically give a sense of degradation is one in which a girl is shot almost directly from above, her body twisted unnaturally on the ground, looking on command as the camera focuses on her. This appeals to the male audience by making them feel that the girl is putting out her sexuality for the benefit of the viewers i. e. he individual watcher. It might seem that this video is primarily aimed at males however; the huge success of 50 cent in the mainstream implies that his apparent misogyny is not only accepted but embraced by a large audience. One explanation would be to accept the belief of female sexuality being masochistic, and that the gratification a female gets from the video is that of relating herself to the girls in the video who are enjoying being a sexual object. However, French feminist Luce Irigaray questions the idea the traditional view of female sexuality: †¦ omen in the sexual imaginary of Western culture have always been a male fantasy; hence maschocism is something forced on women by culture, not a quality inherent within them. Thus, women don’t define their own sexuality, desire, or pleasure2. If we bear in mind the amount of competition that is around now in the hip hop industry and the selection of media now readily available, through the wide range of music channel, and the relatively recent development of the ability to watch music on sites such as youtube and yahoo, audience could be said to become more active in the way they choose and thus perceive their media. Taking Irigaray’s perspective, female audiences do not necessarily need to read the text in masochistic way, and this broadening of choice in their media allows them to take an alternate stance on such texts: that of a more active one. If this is the case however, it does not necessarily mean that female audiences reject Amusement Park, only that there is room to interpret the representations in a more ironic way and as I shall discuss later on, the text itself encourages this type of reading. The next issue I shall look at is the extent to which 50 cent is taken as a serious role model by his audiences. His background would imply that he is the stereotype of gangster: his mother gave birth to him at 15, was involved in cocaine dealing, and was murdered at the age of 23. 50 cent himself began dealing in crack/cocaine and taking guns to school. Before the release of his first album with Columbia Records, he survived being shot 9 times, including once in the mouth, which led to him being dropped by the record company. This would seem highly ironic, given that to a large extent the idea of an authentic gangster was what selling rap records in the first place (artists such as Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B. You read "Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences" in category "Papers" I. G and Tupac Shakur had a history of crime and drugs; and the murders of the latter two helped to bring hip hop in to mainstream media). It is interesting to ask whether it was the songs that consumers were buying and continue to do so, (his debut album, get rich or die tryin’ selling 12 million albums worldwide) or the now glamorised image of celebrity gangster which is currently present, despite the fact that he currently lives in an $18,500,000 Mansion. He himself admits to the fact that his image portrayed in his music is separate from him as a person: †¦ all the things I say are good, if you watch what I do. What I say on record is entertainment; but what I’m actually doing with my life and the things I’ve had the opportunity to do is what makes me inspiring3 Although evidently he has achieved a great deal for himself, in the media he rarely expresses himself personal side, and even has made attempts to reinforce his gangster image, and example being: I’ve been in situations where either it was me or somebody else, and I handled my business. 4 (2003) However, in the later interview he does deny any assumptions: †¦ people associate me with gun violence, when I was the one who got shot5 This suggest that Curtis himself does have an expectation that audiences will be able to distinguish between his image portrayed in the media, and the reality of his life, but does little to counteract the negative images. Is he also being naive in thinking that the audience will automatically realise this, and not model his violent and sexist lyrics? There is clearly some sort of awareness in public audiences, both black and white, as shown by findings by the Black Youth Project: Over half of youngsters between the ages of 15 – 25 strongly agree with the statement that â€Å"Rap music videos portray Black women in bad and offensive ways. 6 The huge success of 50 cent however, seems to contradict this, which would seem to imply that audiences are in fact able to separate this misogyny from the rapper himself. However, it could also be argued that this is merely a way of excusing such portrayals. Considering the artist’s earlier works, such as Get in my car containing t he lyrics â€Å"I got no pickup lines / I stay on the grind / I tell the hoes all the time / Bitch get in my car† and the highly pornographic music video for Disco Inferno, it is harder to take such things lightly. A widely quoted statistic is that 70% of hip hop consumers are in fact white. Although it is interesting to note that no accurate source has been cited for this statistic, hip hop is undeniably a prominent part of mainstream white music culture. Before, when the genre was a political move as much as it was a music genre, a chance for black underprivileged youth to voice their concerns for the culture, it was something that both black and white people could understand in relation to their own lives. The current state of hip hop is that we ‘look through the keyhole into a violent, sexy world of â€Å"money, ho’s and clothes†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as described by Justin Ross (2007). This may be an accurate description of the way that audiences perceive such videos, given that 50 cent’s music refers to neither the real problems, past or present, of black culture, nor to the life which Curtis leads. It would also account for the general acceptance of these representations, if the audience is distanced from what is shown in the videos: issues of sexism and violence are far less relevant outside black urban society and it is therefore easier for a white consumer to take the videos solely as entertainment. It is also important to remember that while the majority of hip hop artists are black, it is predominantly marketed and controlled by a white industry, as Bakari describes (p46) in which the importance of an authentic representation of black culture is of little importance compared with supplying the public with texts which they will buy in to, as evidently the sex appeal of the videos is an important aspect. The next thing I shall look at is the level of awareness of the sexism in both the video itself, and the audience it is aimed at. There are many shots which suggest that the images in it, and the lyrics, are not entirely sincere. This is evident in the shots of the girl sitting on a bench next to 50 cent. Unlike the rest of the images, she is not highly glamorised, and her actions appear to be a lot more naturalistic than the others. She directly reacts to his lyrics, often looking away smiling, as though amused by what he is saying. The title of the song could also be referring to 50 cent himself as a celebrity figure: that both his image and his songs are merely an â€Å"amusement;† not to be taken as serious. This creates a sense of bathos juxtapositioned against the more professional looking shots, so that the female audience can relate more to the women shown. Although taking up a lot less time in the video than the glamorised ones, it creates a distance between the hyperreality of the rest of the video, and the ordinary more down to earth shots, so audiences see the video more objectively. The shots of the girl lying provocatively on the car bear even less relation to the lyrics than earlier in the video, being more reminiscent of a car commercial than a music video. The car itself is briefly but distinctly focused on, which makes reference to the importance of money and material values which are present in not only video, but the whole hip hop industry. This hints at the suggestion that both the girls and their representations are merely a product of this, and therefore are not in fact serious degradations of the women. In this shot we see a girl, while impressed; rolling her eyes at the artist at the lyrics â€Å"You know it’s no fun without the magic stick†. In this sense the girls are in fact the more active ones in the video, whilst 50 Cent mostly maintains his position as an entertainer. Instead of them covering the whole screen, two similar shots of the same girl are often slid in from either side against a plain black background, sometimes overlapping each other. Whilst in one sense emphasising the importance of the girls’ bodies, it also is highly self aware as product, as by seeing two separate views of one scene, it reminds us that it is a construction. Instead of taking itself too seriously, it makes explicit its intention of providing a sex appeal. A less prominent but important character in the video is the girl dancing acrobatically, and the only girl who is represented by her skill rather her sexuality – the camera barely focuses on her face. On the surface, she seems to represent an entertainer at a fair (the bright flashing lights help to anchor this meaning), but it is possible to decipher alternate readings of her: certain comparisons can be drawn between the actions of 50 Cent and herself. She and he are the first people we see in the video, and she appears immediately after the artist announces himself: â€Å"50† and â€Å"Ferrari F-50†. The setting she is in is almost identical to that of 50 Cent’s. At times her dance moves mirror the lyrics of his, for example at â€Å"You fear heights when I’m high hell yeah I go low†, she can be seen to do exactly this. In another shot she briefly does a boxing punch, followed by a similar view of 50 Cent looking macho. At the lyrics â€Å"yeah it’s like that† she mimes as though saying the words herself. In this sense she is the female counterpart to 50 Cent, and could be said to hold the power, in that she has little direct engagement with the audience, while Curtis has to explicitly put on an act to keep is position as an entertainer. This could allow women to from the perspective of her instead of the rapper, and thus 50 Cent himself becomes the object of the video instead of the subject. As previously discussed, the initial purpose of this media text is to sell 50 Cent’s music, and this is done by providing the audience with representations they are familiar with: a stereotypical ‘gangster’, highly sexed girls, and also to be considered is the artist’s own sex appeal. Firstly, the subject of the song itself is 50 cent inviting girls (the audience) to attend his â€Å"amusement park†, and the lyrics describe the activities available to those who go, thus partially placing him as the object of desire. He is shown later in the song without a shirt on, with lighting focused in such a way that highlights his muscular physique. An important issue is that of whether hip hop should be censored, else voluntarily toned down. In April 2007, a controversial incident occurred, involving Don Imus, the presenter of his radio show, which already had a reputation for its crude humour. In discussing a black female basketball team, he referred to the players as ‘nappy headed hos’. After floods of outraged complaints, his show was permanently removed from air, prompting wide discussion over the standards in the media, often with reference to hip hop. 0 Cent himself was involved in the subsequent discussion, but refused to agree to clean up his lyrics, using a politician involved in adult dating websites to make comparisons between standards in hip hop and that in supposedly higher society. While this may be true to some extent, it firstly does not provide a justification in itself; but also it is debatable as to how much of what he said was his own opinion and how many were prearranged arguments by his manag ers (in the video he can be seen grinning in long pauses after phrases such as â€Å"I personally believe†). On the subject of Master P, who made the decision to stop using sexist and violent lyrics, he replies â€Å"Well Master P doesn’t sell CDs anymore†7. From this, and other interviews where he has put the focus on that of entertainment, one could draw the conclusion that the artist in fact, as Amusement Park suggests, concerned with little other than the money involved in the business. In defence to his own lyrics, 50 Cent has also expressed his irritation of apparent double standards in the media, in reference to Britney Spears’ single ‘Gimme more’8 beginning with the lyrics ‘it’s Britney, bitch’. While it may appear to be merely a sore complaint, it is certainly valid to discuss the treatment of women in other areas of the media, and by women themselves. The music video of the song in question consists of Britney Spears, wearing little more than underwear, dancing round a poll in a seedy setting. Similarly, in ‘Dip it Low’ by Christina Milian, the artist is seen allowing herself to have black paint poured over her semi-clothed body, whilst a group of men stand at the side watching and jeering: the presentation of women apparent in male hip hop videos is not a unique one. In all aspects of the media girls are presented, more than anything, by their sexuality and appearance, which can be found in adverts in women’s magazines, stereotypes in film and television (a notable example being Desperate Housewives), car adverts, drink adverts. Although elevated within the genre, this representation could be described as a reflection of attitudes prevalent in both the media and in society and therefore not so shocking to audiences. Another issue described by an internet blogger9 is that by shutting sexism and violence portrayed in hip hop music, it is shutting off a fundamental way of keeping these issues in the eye of the public. He quotes that the leading killer of African Americans is homicide; and that males are five times more likely to be killed than their white counterparts. These issues will still exist even in the absence of offensive hip hop. While this certainly an interesting point, hip hop paradoxically glorifies the very things which it makes an issue of. While artists like 50 Cent may primarily be driven by selling as many records as possible, he still in one sense continues to represent issues which would otherwise be forgotten, if only in a postmodern way. Therefore, in order for hip hop to serve this purpose, it is essential that audiences neither directly embrace the values shown in the videos, nor take it as purely entertainment, as Amusement Park evidently does allow us to do. However, audiences could be said to be becoming increasingly desensitised to these things, with violent films and video games and the huge availability of pornography through the internet, which would make this reading more difficult to achieve. Whether or not the sexism and violence in hip hop is justified or not, if audiences were to take a more active role in their media, it would simultaneously prevent potential influence from such songs, and also make thorny issues in black society more accessible to deal with. How to cite Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences, Papers

Medical Decision Making for Minors

Introduction The field of medicine is very sensitive and very critical in the lives of people around the world. Medical practitioners are supposed to uphold high standards of ethics in their practice. There are many areas in medicine that have received a lot of views, opinions and criticisms from stakeholders of whether their involvement in them is ethical.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Decision Making for Minors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, public debate on the medical issues happening has also intensified with different people airing their view point on the same. One of the critical areas is on the making of decisions pertaining to minors. Medical decision making concerning minors should be left in the hands of specialized practitioners. There are a number of ethical issues that arise in the medical decisions involving minors. These issues include the scope or the extent to which pare nts have authority over their children, autonomy for any of children to make their own decisions, and the extent to which state should be allowed to interfere or intervene with the decisions reached by parents (Rosato, 2008, p. 196). Even though these issues are often debated, there has been no clear consensus reached to revolve them. In general, parents are deemed to poses the right to provide care for their children and therefore, presumed to know what is best for their children. The society has entrusted the parents of minors with this authority to ensure that they provide care and any other material support for the minors. Therefore, the parents make decisions on the medical situation of their children. The federal and state have limited interference on the parents’ decisions except in circumstances where minors are subjected to harm, abuse or neglect. There are a number of medical concerns among children which requires making of decision by the parents. For instance, the case of transplant of kidney, separation of conjoined twins, gene therapy and sexual surgery on babies among many others need parent’s decision. Technological advancement has necessitated these surgeries raising the question on who has the mandate to make the final decisions about such medical complications and how the minors should be treated. For instance, in case parents object to such decisions, is it ethical for the doctors or the government to intervene and make the final decisions?Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To solve the stalemate, some federal governments have exemplicitly identified minors as vulnerable and therefore regulate the ways in which children are supposed to access to clinical services and protect them against any harm (Hickey, 2007, p. 100). In the approval of drugs that minor should use, these states provide incentives and guidelines to the man ufacturer to develop specific drugs that are suitable for the minors. Those that do not include children in their drug development are sometime penalized. Therefore, the government can make decisions that it deems right and ethical in protecting the lives of the minor. In some areas, medical decision making is guided by constitutional law. For instance, reproductive decision making is one of the areas that is constitutionalized at the federal level. This is also one of the areas that minor posses autonomy to make medical decisions (Rosato, 2008, p. 197). A good example is the case where a minor seek abortion. The minor is not allowed to seek the consent of their parents when the laws provide that the minor girl is mature enough to make decision about abortion and if the decision is in her best interest. Minor children lack appropriate skills; cognitive ability, experience and judgment to enable them govern themselves. As a precautionary measure, some laws have legislation to exempt children under the age of 12 years from making any medical decisions on their own (Engelmann, Heidi Keller, and Tanja, 2011, p. 242). That responsibility is left to the parents and their caretakers. Therefore, the right to refuse treatment and informed consent are rights that ate protected by states as they are constitutional rights. Minors who are granted permission to make medical decisions should be well informed before making such decisions (Rosato, 2008, p. 197). They have the right to refuse or accept the treatment since the law permits. The medical practitioners should provide all the necessary information that will be of helpful to the minors. By complying with the laws, they will be acting ethically and may not be blamed for any consequences that may result afterwards. However, in some occasion, parents acting as surrogates may provide an informed permission for any medical treatment. The child may assent to the decision whenever possible.Advertising We will write a cu stom essay sample on Medical Decision Making for Minors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though in some occasions minors are required to make medical decisions, the Freidman Ross model (1998) constrained parental autonomy recommends mitigation of parents and guardians in cases where there is disagreement between the decision of the minor concerning medical treatment (Gormley, and Campbell, 2011, p. 22). This is because parents have the legal and moral responsibility to ensure that the health status of their minors is sound. In case the minor refuses treatment, the model requires permission of long term autonomy instead of the cost of current autonomy. Minor should not look at the current status but consider the future consequences of refusing the treatment under their own conscience (Gormley, and Campbell, 2011, p. 22). Even though, some minors have the legal right of medical decision making, I tend to disagree with this. Minors lack experience and therefore, require the guidance of the parents in making decision on their medical. Parents have experience and may help in providing better decisions pertaining the medical conditions and even advising on the best medical alternatives. Despite ethics demanding respect of every person rights, minor’s right to medical decision should be limited to foster good medical care. As minors mature and develop, they become eligible, their mental ability expands and therefore, parents can gradually pass decision making on them (Gormley, and Campbell, 2011, p. 22). It is also the responsibility of the healthcare professional to be ethical in their profession. They should work close with the family members of the minors and provide good advice in order to ensure that minors make right decisions. The relationship between the doctors and minor also contributes a lot to the decision making of the minors. Therefore, health professionals should endeavor to promote positive relationship between them and the minor to make the minors make informed decision on their treatments. The health professional can also provide information and knowledge that can help in reaching consensus between the minors and their family on medical issues. Laws that permit minor to make decision pertaining to their health should also be cautious and strict to ensure that they do not make minors to refuse treatment. Minors which should be permitted must be proved to have developed their cognitive ability and able to make decisions that are informed. The fact that many minors at some point are resilience may contribute to making of wrong decisions (Gormley, and Campbell, 2011, p. 22). This topic is important as it will help parents, healthcare professional and minors to understand the legal requirements and uphold to ethical standards in their medical decision making. Minors, in some states have been permitted to make decision pertaining to medical while others have not. In my opi nion, there is more that needs to be done to ensure that minors are allowed to make decisions, and do so in a manner that promotes good health care.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even if every person has the right to make decisions on whether to seek treatment or not, states should intervene and provide best advice to ensure that ethics are upheld in the practice of medicine and the rights to access medical health are promoted. Minors lack experience and they should be guided by their parents and guardians and their health professionals. Laws that endeavor to protect minors from mistreat should be enacted to ensure that they are protected and given the desired services/treatment. Allowing minor to make medical decisions is a way of ensuring that the minor’s right to autonomy is respected. It is a good idea if minors are proved beyond any doubt that they have developed cognitive ability to make decisions on their own. The minors who demonstrate those experts should be the only ones allowed to make such decisions. The states should therefore come up with laws that helps in determining those minors that can be allowed to make decisions as this will ensur e that their rights are adhered to. The pros of involving the minor in medical decision is that it helps them to gradually understand how decisions are made and therefore helps in developing their mental skills as they grow. Therefore, when they are mature they will have developed their skills in decision making which will help them make appropriate decision in their lives. On the other hand, the cons of engaging minors in medical decision making process should be also given a lot of consideration. Minors that may be involved in the medical decision making my not be able to make correct judgment due to inadequate experience and information. Therefore, such minors are at a risk of accessing to preferred medical practitioners. Hence, parental guidance should be provided to ensure that such minors make the right judgment. In making medical decisions, consideration should be given to all the interests parties i.e. the parents, minors and the health professional. Autonomy, respect and pr ivacy should be upheld in the decision making process with the minors autonomy, self determination and best interests always being respected. In the hospital context, health professionals involved in a situation involving an issue with minors over treatment decisions should contact respectively manager in time. This will help such health providers to avoid any ethical issues or conflicts among them. The minors that meet the threshold of making decisions should be granted this right but, interventions by parents and health care professionals is necessary to ensure that medical ethics are maintained. References Engelmann, M., Heidi Keller, N., and Tanja, K. (2011). Medical decision making: Shared decision making in medicine: The influence of situational treatment factors, In Patient Education and Counseling. 82(2):240-246. Gormley, F., and Campbell, A. (2011). Factors involved in young people’s decisions about their health care. Nursing Children Young People, 23 (9):19-22. Hic key, K. (2007). Minor’s rights in medical decision making, JONA’s healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation, 9 (3): 100-104. Rosato, J. L. (2008). Foreword, Houston Journal of Health Law and Policy, 195-206. Retrieved from http://www.law.uh.edu/ This essay on Medical Decision Making for Minors was written and submitted by user Darwin Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.